AA

Arakan Army

AAPP

Assistance Association for Political Prisoners

ANU

The Australian National University

APA

Arakan People’s Authority

ARI

Asia Research Institute

ARSA

Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

ASEAN

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

ASEANSAI

ASEAN Supreme Audit Institutions

BRI

Belt and Road Initiative

CBO

community-based organisations

CCP

Chinese Communist Party

CDM

Civil Disobedience Movement

CRPH

Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

CSO

civil society organisation

DDoS

distributed denial-of-service

EAO

ethnic armed organisations

EC

European Commission

FDC

Federal Democracy Charter

FFM

Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar

GAD

General Administration Department

GNLM

Global New Light of Myanmar

HE

higher education

HEI

higher education institutions

IASC

Inter-Agency Standing Committee

ICC

International Criminal Court

ICJ

International Court of Justice

IDP

internally displaced persons

IFRC

International Federation of the Red Cross

IIE

Institute of International Education

IIMM

Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar

INGO

international NGO

ISEAS

Institute of Southeast Asian Studies

ISP

Institute for Strategy and Policy – Myanmar

MCRB

Myanmar Centre for Responsible Business

MEC

Myanmar Economic Corporation

MEHL

Myanma Economic Holdings Limited

MLHN

Myanmar Local Humanitarian Network

MoE

Ministry of Education

MOGE

Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise

MoU

memorandum of understanding

NGO

non-government organisations

NLD

National League for Democracy

NUCC

National Unity Consultative Council

NUG

National Unity Government

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development

PDF

People’s Defence Force

SAC

State Administration Council

SEZ

Special Economic Zone

SUM

Spring University Myanmar

TCG

Tripartite Core Group

UEC

Union Election Commission

ULA

United League of Arakan

UN

United Nations

UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

UNHCR

United Nations High Commission for Refugees

UNHRC

United Nations Human Rights Council

UNTFHS

United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security

USAID

US Aid

USDP

Union Solidarity and Development Party

VFU

Virtual Federal University

VPN

virtual private network