List of illustrations

Maps

Map 1.1: Johnny Marchioro’s mud map drawn in 2007

Map 1.2: Map of the western and south-western suburbs of Adelaide, early to mid-1930s

Map 2.1: The provinces of the Veneto region

Map 3.1: Map drawn by Lino Ballestrin showing Veneto and other market gardeners in the Lockleys area, 1940s–50s

Map 8.1: Detail of street directory marked with names of some Veneto market gardeners

Plates

Plate 1.1: Adrian Tonellato, Frogmore Road, c. 1951

Plate 1.2: Angelo Innocente testing alcohol content for his wine, Lockleys, March 2010

Plate 1.3: Pine half-case belonging to Giancarlo (Johnny) and Eleonora Marchioro

Plate 1.4: Veneto market gardeners’ exhibition, Findon, South Australia, August 2011

Plate 1.5: Angelina and Vittorio Marchioro, c. 1937

Plate 1.6: Ermenegilda Simeoni listens to her oral history interview, Riese Pio X, Italy, October 2018

Plate 2.1: Bruna Zampin at far right with, from left, Angelina Marchioro, Amelia Zampin nee Shaw (Bruna’s mother), Maria Ballestrin and Angelina Compostella, Adelaide, c. 1955

Plate 2.2: Veneto families and paesani, Lockleys, mid-1940s

Plate 2.3: The Rossetto family, Bigolino, Italy, c. 1918

Plate 2.4: Vittorio Marchioro’s landing papers, December 1927, which include the name and address of his brother Francesco

Plate 2.5: Isidoro Ballestrin’s Italian passport, 1927

Plate 2.6: Isidoro Ballestrin’s work registration card, issued four months after his arrival in Adelaide

Plate 2.7: Attilio and Serafina De Pieri and other workers, Caruso mica mine, Central Australia, 1941

Plate 2.8: Aerial photo of the Lockleys area, late 1950s

Plate 2.9: Margherita and Francesco Marchioro with their first two daughters, Lina and Mary, Adelaide, c. 1927

Plate 2.10: Giovanni Santin pours drinks for his own and others’ children who had recently arrived from Italy, at Lockleys, December 1935

Plate 2.11: The Ballestrin family: Cesira and Giuseppe, with children Norma and Lino, Adelaide, c. 1943–44

Plate 2.12: The formal photo of Lina Bordin’s proxy marriage, Bigolino, Italy, 1930

Plate 2.13: Angelina and Vittorio Marchioro’s official wedding photo, Adelaide, 1938

Plate 2.14: Amelia Zampin nee Shaw and Silvano Zampin, Adelaide, mid-1930s

Plate 2.15: The marriage of Eugenio Zalunardo and Luigia Ballestrin, Adelaide, 1943

Plate 3.1: Lino Tonellato, Adelaide, 2014

Plate 3.2: Angelina and Secondo Tonellato outside the house where the Tonellato family grew up, in Caselle di Altivole, Italy, 1962

Plate 3.3: Aerial photo showing the approximate location of the Veneto market gardens, 1935

Plate 3.4: Gelindo, Lina and Romeo Rossetto, Lockleys, c. 1932

Plate 3.5: The Tonellato vagòn, Lockleys, 1935

Plate 3.6: Gelindo Rossetto’s letter to the attorney-general requesting early consideration of his application to buy land for his market garden, 13 August 1942

Plate 3.7: Gelindo Rossetto at the Spotted Tiger mica mine, Northern Territory, 1930s

Plate 3.8: The Ballestrin families preparing celery for sale at market, Flinders Park, late 1950s

Plate 3.9: The Zampin family, Lockleys, c. 1954

Plate 4.1: Giancarlo (Johnny) Marchioro and his father, Vittorio, tending tomatoes in a glasshouse, Bolivar, 1976

Plate 4.2: Romildo Santin, Valetta Road, early 1940s

Plate 4.3: Luigina Zalunardo nee Ballestrin with Noemi and Maria Gina Ballestrin nee Andreazza with Dolfina, c. 1947, take time off from the market gardens to care for their babies

Plate 4.4: The Ballestrin family: Narcisio, Lina, Maria, Jimmy and, in front, Silvano and Norina, Flinders Park, c. 1959

Plate 4.5: The marriage of Vito Santin and Anna Mattiazzo, Adelaide, 1949

Plate 4.6: Mary, Connie and Lina Marchioro, Adelaide, c. 1946

Plate 4.7: Norma Ballestrin on the family property, Hartley Road, c. 1956

Plate 4.8: An independent young woman with her Zundap scooter: Maria Rosa Tormena, Adelaide, c. 1953

Plate 4.9: The marriage of Arturo Semola and Sandra Zampin, Lockleys, 1966

Plate 4.10: A group of young Veneto men in front of the Santin house, 1962

Plate 5.1: Assunta Tonellato and her uncle Secondo Tonellato, Frogmore Road, c. 1952

Plate 5.2: Emilio Mattiazzo in his butcher’s shop, City of Adelaide, 1940s

Plate 5.3: The baptism of Louis Ballestrin, Hartley Road, c. 1951

Plate 5.4: A group of Veneto women with Irene Destro, Frogmore Road, c. 1946

Plate 5.5: Baptism of Peter Zampin, Adelaide, c. 1953

Plate 5.6: Pietro and Alberto Berno, Valetta Road, early 1960s

Plate 5.7: Group of Veneto families, St Kilda, early 1950s

Plate 5.8: Confirmation party for Robert Berno and John Torresan, Berno packing shed, Lockleys, 1959

Plate 5.9: Veneto group the day after Anna Mattiazzo and Vito Santin’s wedding, Lockleys, 1949

Plate 5.10: Maria Berno and daughter Lucy with cousins Diana and Marisa Berno, Glenelg Beach, Adelaide, c. 1962

Plate 5.11: Ermenegildo Ballestrin unloading grapes for making wine, Flinders Park, late 1950s

Plate 5.12: Peter Rebellato and his father-in-law, Oscar Mattiazzo, deboning stockfish for baccalà, West Lakes, Adelaide, 2009

Plate 5.13: Maria and Narciso Ballestrin and their daughter Norina are farewelled on their first return visit to Italy by friends and family among the crowds at Outer Harbour, Adelaide, 1965

Plate 5.14: Veneto market-gardener family picnic, Morialta Falls, Adelaide, early 1950s

Plate 6.1: The Tormena family: Johnny and Maria Rosa, at back, with Severina and Galliano, Adelaide, 1940s

Plate 6.2: Excerpt from ‘Report from Commonwealth Attorney-General’s Department in Recommendation for Ministerial Warrant for Restriction or Detention under Regulations 25 & 26 of National Security (General) Regulations’

Plate 6.3: Lina and Gelindo Rossetto with three of their children, from left, Aldo, Romeo and Lena, Adelaide, c. 1937

Plate 6.4: Angelina (holding Romano), Vittorio and Johnny Marchioro, Frogmore Road, late 1942

Plate 6.5: Letter written by Antonio Ballestrin to explain his reasons for not serving with the Civil Aliens Corps in 1944

Plate 6.6: Report by a military official in Adelaide of an interview with Walter Reid about Giosue Zoanetti, 4 May 1943

Plate 7.1: Romano Marchioro, Lake Eppalock, Victoria, 2013

Plate 7.2: Three generations of the Santin family, Bolivar, 1985: Alan and his father, Romildo, and Aaron, son of Dean Santin, and Dean Santin

Plate 7.3: Costantina Santin and grandson Alan, Frogmore Road, c. 1961

Plate 7.4: Vittorio Marchioro on his lettuce block, Lockleys, mid-1960s

Plate 7.5: The Tonellato family, Adelaide, c. 1947. Back: Lui, Orlando, Rosina, Lino and Albert. Front: Secondo, Assunta and Elisabetta

Plate 7.6: Three generations of the Tonellato family, Frogmore Road, 1962

Plate 7.7: The Piovesan brothers, Nillo, Bruno and Dino, Adelaide, c. 1945

Plate 7.8: Noemi, Renato and Eugenio Zalunardo and Amalia Bernardi, Grange Road, c. 1965

Plate 7.9: Italia and Lui Tonellato with children Luciana and Adrian, Frogmore Road, 1962

Plate 7.10: Johnny Marchioro tending tomatoes in his backyard, Nailsworth, Adelaide, March 2023

Plate 8.1: Berno siblings: Diana, Remo and Robert, Valetta Road, c. 1964

Plate 8.2: Sunday afternoon bocce group, Santin market garden, Frogmore Road, 1962

Plate 8.3: Silvano Zampin tending tomatoes, Findon, late 1970s

Plate 8.4: The Mazzarolo family: Lina, Sonia, Maria and Arsenio, Frogmore Road, c. 1972

Plate 8.5: Amelia and Silvano Zampin celebrate their fiftieth wedding anniversary at the Veneto Club, Beverley, 1981

Plate 8.6: Example of a family biography page on the Veneto Market Gardeners 1927 website

Plate 9.1: Giuseppe Chiumento and his wife, Monica Urbani, Malo, Italy, 2018

Plate 9.2: Children of the Ballestrin, Marchioro, Piovesan and Tonellato families in front of the Tonellato truck, Frogmore Road, c. 1946–47

Plate 9.3: Group of Veneto families on one of the market gardens, early 1950s

Plate 9.4: Baptism of Remo Berno, Adelaide, 1953

Plate 9.5: Representatives of first-generation market-gardener families at a gathering, Seaton, South Australia, 22 October 2022

Plate 9.6: Members of the Ballestrin family: Jacqueline and Simon Ballestrin with Ariana, Louis Ballestrin, Michelle Ballestrin and Fay Ballestrin with Archie Ballestrin-Egan, Castelfranco Veneto, Italy, 2017

Plate 9.7: Vito Rebuli and Antonietta Danieli, Monte Grappa War Memorial, province of Treviso, Italy, 1962

Plate 9.8: Marriage of Teresa Zampin and Lui Mazzarolo, Adelaide, 1965

Plate 9.9: Amanda Rossetto making a presentation at a Veneto market-gardener families and friends gathering, Seaton, South Australia, 22 October 2022

Plate 9.10: The names of Veneto market gardeners in the paese at Lockleys as featured in the design of a commemorative tea towel, 2019