List of Tables

Table 1.1 The archaeological, chronological, palaeoecological and stratigraphic work undertaken by Jack Golson with Philip Hughes and by Tim Denham under Golson’s supervision

Table 1.2 Archaeological phases at Kuk Swamp, Wahgi Valley

Table 4.1 Altitudinal range of pre-1870 starchy food species in PNG

Table 4.2 Altitudinal range of some pre-1870 vegetable species in PNG

Table 4.3 Altitudinal range of some pre-1870 fruit species in PNG

Table 4.4 Altitudinal range of some pre-1870 edible nut species in PNG

Table 5.1 Catchment/swamp area ratios for swamps in the Tari region

Table 5.2 Wetland agricultural systems of the New Guinea highlands

Table 5.3 Wetland drain dimensions

Table 5.4 Sweet potato yields on dryland and wetland

Table A6.1 Radiocarbon ages on organic mud from the base of black organic clay and the top of red-brown organic mud

Table A6.2 Calibrated ages of wood, charcoal and mud relating to the age of the organic/inorganic transition

Table A6.3 Radiocarbon ages on wood or charcoal from the bottom of black organic clay

Table A6.4 Radiocarbon ages on cellulose from wood at the top of red-brown organic mud on E–W Rd 1

Table 7.1 Stratigraphic characteristics and descriptions of tephras at Kuk

Table 7.2 Chronology of tephras at Kuk

Table 7.3 Compositional characteristics of tephras at Kuk

Table 8.1 Effects of tephra falls on crops

Table 9.T2.1 Summary of age, origin and size of Kuk insect samples

Table 9.1 Palaeoecological sites in the Wahgi Valley

Table 10.1 Archaeobotanical table listing potential food plants documented from Pleistocene and Holocene contexts at Kuk

Table 10.T2.1 Percentage composition of diagnostic Musa and Ensete seed phytoliths in phytolith assemblages

Table 10.2 Macrobotanical remains of food plants reported at other archaeological sites in the highlands

Table 12.1 Relative inter-site chronology for Phase 2

Table 13.1 Radiocarbon dates for Phase 3 features at other wetland sites in the highlands

Table 13.2 Inter-site chronology for Phase 3

Table 18.1 Wooden tools catalogued by category and provenance

Table 20.1 Kuk stones available for analysis

Table 20.2 Kuk flake tools

Table 20.3 Kuk core tools

Table 20.4 Kuk utilised fragments

Table 20.5 Kuk grinding and pounding stones

Table 20.6 Kuk ground stone implement: Club head fragment from Phase 5

Table 20.7 Kuk axes, including axe flakes and fragments

Table 21.1 Raw materials for flaked artefacts at Kuk

Table 21.2 Grinding artefacts at Kuk

Table 21.3 Identification of axes from surface collections in three environments at Kuk

Table 21.4 Sources of axe fragments from stratified contexts at Kuk

Table 21.5 Summary of Kuk axe sources

Table A21.1 Geochemical results for oxides from the mortar rim

Table A21.2 Apatite (U-Th)/He dating of the mortar rim fragment