List of Illustrations

Map 1.1. The Okhotsk region

Figure 2.1. Japanese map and accompanying image of peoples of the world, 1671

Figure 2.2. Fifteenth-century map of the Iberian Peninsula

Figure 2.3. Hayashi Shihei’s Illustrated Outline of the Three Countries [Sankoku Tsūran Zusetsu], 1785

Figure 2.4. Map of the Integrated Territory of Historical Countries and their Capitals [Honil gangni yeokdae gukto jido] (The Kangnido), 1402

Figure 2.5. The Hereford wall map

Figure 2.6. Abraham Ortelius’s world map, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, 1570

Figure 2.7. English world map based on Blumenbach’s classifications, 1849

Figure 3.1. Map of Tartary based on de Vries’ voyage, 1682 (Original by Giacomo Cantelli da Vignola)

Figure 3.2. Illustration from Witsen, showing ‘Yakut, Kalmyk, Kyrgizian Ostiak and Daurian Tungus’ peoples

Figure 3.3. Engraving of a ‘Kamchadale’ woman from Krasheninnikov’s Opisanie Zemli Kamchatki

Figure 3.4. Thomsen expounding the ‘three age’ system, illustration by P Marquardt, 1846

Figure 4.1. Okhotsk culture grave, Abashiri

Figure 4.2. Nivkh drying fish, early twentieth century

Figure 4.3. 1807 map of Ezo

Figure 4.4. Ainu with dog sleigh

Figure 4.5. Sakhalin Ainu blacksmiths

Figure 5.1. The Astrolabe and Boussole at anchor off the island of Maui

Figure 5.2. People of Tomarioro as seen by La Pérouse’s expedition

Figure 5.3. Frontispiece from La Pérouse’s atlas

Figure 5.4. Tsukinoe, an Ainu elder from Kunashir, wearing a brocade robe, painting by Kakizaki Hakyo

Figure 5.5. La Pérouse’s map of Sakhalin

Figure 5.6. The trading post at Deren

Figure 5.7. Portraits of Sakhalin Ainu ‘Niskani, Aoucanouri and Erougantoi’ of Tomarioro

Figure 6.1. Golovnin being taken prisoner in Japan, c. 1811

Figure 6.2. Prisoners in the Sakhalin penal colony

Figure 6.3. Arsen’ev with Dersu Uzala, 1906

Figure 6.4. A Japanese settlement in the Habomai Islands, c. 1920

Figure 6.5. ‘The Northern Region of East Asia’

Figure 7.1. Traditional Uilta summer houses on the outskirts of Otasu

Figure 7.2. The Ainu ‘model’ village of Torandomari

Figure 7.3. Colonial modern housing in Otasu

Figure 7.4. A reindeer herd near Otasu

Figure 7.5. Kawamura Hideya teaching a class at the ‘native school’, Otasu

Figure 7.6. Indigenous people hunting marine mammals near Otasu

Figure 7.7. Uilta needle case, early twentieth century

Figure 8.1. Illustration from Charles MacFarlane’s Japan

Figure 8.2. John George Bartholomew, ‘Maps of the Far East, Illustrating Russo–Japanese War’, 1905

Figure 8.3. Memorial for convict labourers near Abashiri

Figure 8.4. The Jakka Duxuni, Abashiri, 2011

Figure 8.5. Uilta embroidery: (above) by Kitagawa Aiko’s Japanese students; (below) by Kitagawa Aiko