Bibliography

Books, Journal Articles and Theses

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———, ‘East Timor and Australia—Twenty-five years of the policy debate’, in James Cotton (ed.), East Timor and Australia, Australian Defence Studies Centre/Australian Institute of International Affairs, Canberra, 2000, pp. 1–22.

———, East Timor, Australia and Regional Order: intervention and its aftermath in Southeast Asia, Routledge, London, 2004.

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———, Public Policymaking Reexamined, Chandler Publishing Company, Scranton, PA, 1968.

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———, Social Science Research and Public Policy: Narrowing the Divide, Policy Paper #2, Academy of Social Sciences in Australia, Canberra, 2004.

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———, ‘Towards and Australian National Security Strategy: A Conceptual Analysis’, Security Challenges, vol. 3, no. 4, 2007, pp. 113–30.

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———, ‘Regional Relations,’ in Goldsworthy and Peter Edwards (eds), Facing north: a century of Australian engagement with Asia, Melbourne University Press, Carlton, Vic, 2003, pp. 130–78.

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———, ‘Types of crises and conclusions for crisis management’, in Daniel Frei (ed.), International crises and crisis management, Saxon House, Westmead, 1978, pp. 29–41.

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Australian Government Sources—Documents, Reports, Media Releases and Speeches (Published, Archived and Websites)

Note: The content of most Australian Government websites changed in December 2007 when a new government was elected. While these documents will be archived, some with new addresses, this work was not completed at the date of submission. The websites shown here were correct at the date shown.

AusAID, Report of the AusAID Fact-Finding Mission to East Timor, 10–20 March 1999, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra.

Australian Electoral Commission, Submission to the Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee: Australian Electoral Commission Support for the East Timor Consultation Ballot, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 1999.

Australian National Audit Office, Management of Australian Defence Force Deployments to East Timor, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2002.

———, ‘Publications’, no date, available at <http://www.anao.gov.au>, accessed 31 March 2007.

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———, Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act (The Constitution) 1900, available at <http://www.comlaw.gov.au/comlaw/comlaw.nsf/440c19285821b109ca256f3a001d59b7/57dea3835d797364ca256f9d0078c087/$FILE/ConstitutionAct.pdf>, accessed 4 April 2007.

———, Defence Act (1903), available at <http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/da190356/>, accessed 27 December 2007.

———, Freedom of Information Act 1982 (Commonwealth), available at <http://www.comlaw.gov.au/comlaw/management.nsf/lookupindexpagesbyid/IP200401430?OpenDocument>, accessed 12 April 2007.

———, Style manual for authors, editors and printers, 6th edn, Snooks and Co (rev), John Wiley and Sons Australia, Canberra, 2002.

Defence Public Affairs, ‘Australian/Indonesian Bi-lateral Military Forum’, Media Release DPAO 062/99 dated 5 March 1999, available at <http://www.defence.gov.au/media/1999/06299.html>, accessed 17 November 2007.

———, ‘Hon John Moore—East Timor Update’, MIN 271/99, 14 September 1999, available at <http://www.minister.defence.gov.au/1999/27199.html>, accessed 12 December 2007.

———, ‘The Hon J Moore, Progress on the Implementation of the Defence Reform Program’, Media Release 067/99, Canberra, 11 March 1999.

———, ‘Transcript, Hon John Moore, MP & Hon Alexander Downer’, Commonwealth Offices, Melbourne, 6 September 1999, available at <http://www.minister.defence.gov.au/1999/mt0699.htm>, accessed 12 December 2007.

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———, Defence 2000—Our Future Defence Force, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2000.

———, ‘Department of Defence Submission’, Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, Additional Information, Volume 5, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 1999, pp. 108–116.

———, ‘Global Operations and Exercises’, available at <http://www.defence.gov.au/index.htm>, accessed 28 September 2006.

———, Strategy Planning Framework Handbook, Defence Publishing Service, Canberra, 2006.

———, Defending Australia in the Asia-Pacific Century: Force 2030, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2009

Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Agreement with Indonesia on Maintaining Security, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 1995.

———, Annual Report 2000–2001, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2001.

———, Annual Report 2001–2002, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2002.

———, ‘Calvert Roth Meeting February 1999’, copy in possession of the author.

———, Direction of Trade Time Series, 2000-01 One Hundred Years of Trade, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2002.

———, East Timor in Transition 1998–2000: An Australian Policy Challenge, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2001.

———, In the National Interest—Australia’s Foreign and Trade Policy White Paper, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 1997.

Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and AusAID, Submission to the Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee Inquiry into East Timor, Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, Additional Information, vol. 5, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 1999, pp. 044–085.

Downer, Alexander, ‘A Long Term Commitment: Australia And East Asia’, speech to the Indonesian Council on World Affairs and the Indonesia-Australia Business Council, Borobodur Hotel, Jakarta, 9 July 1998, available at <http://www.dfat.gov.au/media/speeches/foreign/1998/980709_icwa_iabc.html>, accessed 12 April 2006.

———, ‘Answers to Questions Without Notice—East Timor Peacekeeping’, House of Representatives Official Hansard, 9 August 1999, p. 8174.

———, ‘Australia at Year’s End—Retrospect and Prospect’, speech by the Hon Alexander Downer MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs, at the National Press Club, Canberra, 1 December 1999, available at <http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/speeches/1999/991201_npc.html>, accessed 27 November 2007.

———, ‘Australia—Stability in the Asia Pacific’, Paper presented at the Harvard Club, New York, 9 June 1998, available at <http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/ speeches/1998/stability-asia_jun98.html>, accessed 27 July 2007.

———, ‘Australian Government Historic Policy Shift On East Timor’, Media Release 12 January 1999, available at <http://www.dfat.gov.au/media/releases/ foreign/1999/fa002_99.html>, accessed 12 January 2006.

———, ‘CEDA Luncheon Address’, 20 July 2000, available at <http://www.dfat.gov.au/media/transcripts/2000/000720_fa_ceda.htm>, accessed 12 April 2006.

———, ‘Indonesia’s Challenges: How Australia Can Help’, paper presented at the International Conference on Indonesian Economic Stabilisation and Recovery, Australian National University, Canberra, 23 November 1998, available at <http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/speeches/1998/981123_indonesia.html>, accessed 12 April 2006.

———, ‘International Crisis Resolution: The Example of East Timor’, Oxford, 26 January 2000, available at <http://www.dfat.gov.au/media/speeches/foreign/2000/000126_intl_crisis.html>, accessed 23 January 2006.

Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee, Economic, social and political conditions in East Timor, Hearing of 13 August 1999, available at <http://www.aph.gov.au/hansard/senate/commttee/s2527.pdf>, accessed 6 December 2006.

———, Economic, social and political conditions in East Timor, Hearing of 9 September 1999, available at <http://www.aph.gov.au/hansard/senate/commttee/s2555.pdf>, accessed 6 December 2006.

———. Economic, social and political conditions in East Timor, Hearing of 6 December 1999, available at <http://www.aph.gov.au/hansard/senate/commttee/s2814.pdf>, accessed 6 December 2006.

———, Interim Report on East Timor, Senator J Hogg (Chair), Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 1999.

———, Final Report into the Inquiry into East Timor, Senator J Hogg (Chair), Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2000.

Hill, Robert, ‘Blick Report into DSD and East Timor leak investigations’, Minister of Defence Media Release 88/03, 10 July 2003, available at <http://www.minister.defence.gov.au/Hilltpl.cfm?CurrentId=2938>, accessed 28 April 2009.

House of Representatives (Australia), Votes and Proceedings, vol. 55, 11 August 1999.

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———, ‘Statement on East Timor’, 23 November 1999, available at <http://www.australianpolitics.com/executive/howard/pre-2002/991123howard-timor.shtml>, accessed 16 April 2006.

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Management Advisory Committee, Connecting Government: Whole of Government Responses to Australia’s Priority Challenges, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2004.

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———, Fact Sheet 34 Cabinet Records, August 2006, available at <http://www.naa.gov.au/about-us/publications/fact-sheets/fs34.aspx>, accessed 2 October 2006.

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———, Consideration of Additional Estimates (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade), 9 February 2000.

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Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Legislation Committee, Consideration of Estimates (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade), 11 February 1997.

Collections

Bob Breen, on Australian military deployments

Des Ball, on National Security Structures and East Timor

Newspaper articles and other media

(Note: Factiva is an on-line database of newspaper and magazine articles. Page numbers are not always provided in their versions).

ABC Television (Australia), The Howard Years (Episode 2), 24 November 2008, available at <http://www.abc.net.au/news/howardyears/contents/s2422684.htm>, accessed 27 June 2009.

Agence France-Presse, ‘Affluent Aussies to fund peacekeeping in East Timor’, 23 November 1999 (Factiva version).

———, ‘Australia urges Indonesia to tackle irritant of East Timor’, 25 May 1998 (Factiva version).

———, ‘Malaysian politicians slam “Howard Doctrine”’, 24 September 1999 (Factiva version).

———, ‘Thailand pans Australian PM over plan to be America’s “deputy” in Asia’, 24 September 1999 (Factiva version).

Anthony, Shaun, ‘Jakarta blocks Canberra’s call for armed intervention’, West Australian, 6 September 1999, p. 6.

Arifin, Zainul, ‘Asean should take the lead in East Timor peacekeeping, says PM’, New Straits Times, 1 October 1999, p. 1 (Factiva version).

Associated Press, ‘Asean agrees to support E. Timor peacekeeping force’, Dow Jones International News, 13 September 1998 (Factiva version).

———, ‘US Suspends Military Relations with Indonesia’, Augusta Chronicle, 10 September 1999, p. A09 (Factiva version).

Associated Press newswires, ‘Report: Malaysia ready to send peacekeeping troops to East Timor’, 6 September 1999 (Factiva version).

Australian, ‘Timorese demand better effort’, 2 April 1998, p. 7.

Australian Associated Press, ‘Clinton calls on Indonesia to let UN restore peace in East Timor’, St Louis Post-Dispatch, 12 September 1999, p. A7 (Factiva version).

———, ‘Downer denies Aust intelligence wanting’, AAP Information Services Pty Ltd, 1 November 1998 (Factiva version).

———, ‘DSD boss denies spying on Brereton’, Sydney Morning Herald, 1 May 2003, available at <http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/05/01/1051382039622.html> accessed 27 June 2009.

———, ‘East Timor committee asks Howard to take stronger stance’, 26 January 1999 (Factiva version).

———, ‘Moore defends joint military ops with Indonesia’, 28 March 1999 (Factiva version).

Aylmer, Sean, ‘Timor: Downer Says There’s No Rift With US’, Australian Financial Review, 2 August 1999, p. 7.

Bangkok Post, ‘Editorial—Distractions in the Timor issue’, 30 September 1999 (Factiva version).

Barker, Geoffrey, ‘Australia Bends To People Power’, Financial Review, 16 May 1998, p. 25.

———, ‘Australian foreign minister on possible peacekeeping force’, Radio Australia, 4 September 1999.

Birmingham Post, ‘Refugee boy crushed by East Timor airdrop’, 30 September 1999 (Factiva version).

Bolt, Andrew, ‘Don’t Expect Praise’, Herald Sun (Melbourne), 16 September 1999, p. 18 (Factiva version).

Brenchley, Fred, ‘The Howard Defence Doctrine’, Bulletin (Australia), 28 September 1999, pp. 22–24.

Burke, Anthony, ‘Labor Could Be Set For A Backflip on East Timor’, Canberra Times, 22 December 1997 (Factiva version).

Cleary, Paul, ‘A policy that’s a bit light on detail’, Sydney Morning Herald, 13 January 1999, p. 6.

Cordeaux, Jeremy, ‘Transcript of the Prime Minister, The Hon John Howard MP’, Radio 5DN (Adelaide), 18 May 1998, available at <http://www.pm.gov.au/media/Interview/1998/5dn1805.cfm>, accessed 12 February 2006.

Daley, Paul, ‘Armed with information, now what?’, Age (Melbourne), 29 May 1999, p. 4.

———, ‘Gunning for the General’, Bulletin (Australia), 30 June 2004 (Factiva version).

———, ‘Rift Denied With US Over Timor’, Age (Melbourne), 3 August 1999, p. 3.

———, ‘Spy effort stepped up in Timor’, Age (Melbourne), 20 March 1999, p. 5.

———, ‘Timor: We Snub Offer To Send In The Marines’, Sunday Age (Melbourne), 1 August 1999, p. 1.

———, ‘Troops Could Go Within Days’, Sunday Age (Melbourne), 5 September 1999, p. 2.

Datson, Trevor, ‘Australian PM popular at home, blasted in Asia’, Reuters News, 28 September 1999 (Factiva version).

Dodd, Mark; Peter Coleman-Adams and Hamish McDonald, ‘Defence report warning of violence’, Sydney Morning Herald, 24 April 1999, p. 1 and p. 9.

Dunn, James, ‘Righting our Past Wrongs’, Sydney Morning Herald, 13 January 1999, p. 11.

Dupont Alan and Anthony Bergin, ‘UN Force Critical to Peace in East Timor’, Australian Financial Review, 29 March 1999 (Factiva version).

Epstein, Raphael, ‘Australians and Indonesian forces clash in East Timor’, AM, ABC Radio (Australia), 11 October 1999, available at <http://www.abc.net.au/am/stories/s58222.htm>, accessed 2 January 2008.

Fowler, Andrew, ‘Flying Blind’, 4 Corners, ABC Television (Australia), 2007, 29 October 2007.

———, ‘Ties that Bind’, 4 Corners, ABC Television (Australia), 14 February 2000.

Garran, Robert, ‘The military masses for its biggest march in 30 years’, Australian, 3 July 1999, p. 7.

Greenlees, Don, ‘Habibie rules out Timor referendum’, Australian, 4 June 1998 (Factiva version).

———, ‘Howard reverse on Timor’, Australian, 12 January 1999 (Factiva version).

———, ‘Leak shows no E Timor troop cuts’, Australian, 30 October 1998, p. 1 (Factiva version).

Head, Jonathon, ‘East Timor Breakthrough’, BBC News (United Kingdom), 28 January 1999, available at <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/events/indonesia/latest_news/263828.stm>, accessed 20 January 2006.

Holmes, Jonathon, ‘East Timor—Balibo: A Special Report’, Foreign Correspondent, ABC Television (Australia), 20 October 1998, available at <http://www.abc.net.au/foreign/stories/s401582.htm>, accessed 21 January 2006.

Hunt, Greg, ‘Timor peace plan more palatable after dinner’, Australian, 14 January 1999, p. 1.

Hunter, Ian, ‘Elite forces scouted island from April’, Sydney Morning Herald, 11 October 1999, p. 11.

Jemadu, Aleksius, ‘Can Australia sever ties with Indonesia?’, Jakarta Post, 20 September 1999 (Factiva version).

Jones, Sidney, ‘East Timor: Stop the Violence’, Human Rights News, 6 July 1999.

Kelly, Fran, ‘John Howard on East Timor’, The Howard Years (website), ABC Television (Australia), 2008, available at <http://www.abc.net.au/news/howardyears/>, (see Further Recourses Episode 2), accessed 27 June 2009.

Kelly, Fran, ‘Alexander Downer on East Timor’, The Howard Years (website), ABC Television (Australia), 2008, available at <http://www.abc.net.au/news/howardyears/>, (see Further Recourses Episode 2), accessed 27 June 2009.

———, ‘John Howard on East Timor’, The Howard Years (website), ABC Television (Australia), 2008, available at <http://www.abc.net.au/news/howardyears/>, (see Further Recourses Episode 2), accessed 27 June 2009.

Kelly, Paul, ‘From the Lips of Prime Ministers: Diplomacy at the Crossroads’, Australian, 15 September 1999, p. 13 (Factiva version).

Knickmeyer, Ellen, ‘Australia: peacekeepers allowed to cross border in hot pursuit’, Associated Press Newswires, 30 September 1999.

Kozaryn, Linda, ‘U.S., NATO Allies Plan New, Improved Alliance’, American Forces Information Service, 21 September 1999, available at <http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Sep1999/n09221999_09909223.html>, accessed 21 January 2006.

Lyons, John, ‘The Secret East Timor Dossier’, Bulletin (Australia), 12 October 1999, pp. 25–29.

———, ‘The Timor Truth Gap’, Bulletin (Australia), 30 November 1999, pp. 24–32.

McDonald, Hamish, ‘Timor: Fear of “running sore”’, Age (Melbourne), 29 September 1975, p. 6.

McKenzie, Scott, ‘Tough Line on Timor’, Herald-Sun (Melbourne), 22 November 1997, p. 4.

McKew, Maxine, ‘Clinton advisor praises Australian leadership on East Timor’, 7.30 Report, ABC Television (Australia), 13 January 2000.

Mufson, Steven, ‘World Bank Chief Warns Indonesia On Militias’, Washington Post, 12 September 1999 (Factiva version).

Murdoch, Lindsay, ‘We’re Neutral On Timor: Downer’, Sun Herald (Melbourne), 1 August 1999, p. 35 (Factiva version).

Nation (Bangkok), ‘Editorial—Howard must clarify foreign-policy goals’, 29 September 1999 (Factiva version).

Nelson, Jane, ‘Australia ready to go to Timor without US’, Reuters News, 9 September 1999 (Factiva version)

Polgaze, Karen, ‘PM’s Timor letter “angered Habibie”’, Canberra Times, 3 November 1999, p. 2.

Reuters News, ‘Howard would consider one-off tax for Timor troops’, 28 October 1999 (Factiva version).

Riley, Mark, ‘UN Backs Downer Plan to Beef Up Timor Force’, Sydney Morning Herald, 6 August 1999, p.1.

Robinson, Paul, ‘Unions Plan Action On Timor Violence’, Age, 3 May 1999, p. 6.

Rose, Rebecca, ‘Howard Urges Habibie To Act On East Timor’, West Australian, 26 May 1998, p. 4.

Seneviratne, Kalinga, ‘Australia casts an eye on Timor’s oil’, Straits Times, 24 September 1999 (Factiva version).

Shannahan, Dennis, ‘Muzzling Moore the hottest pursuit—Australia cannot afford to send any more mixed messages’, Australian, 2 October 1999, p. 10.

Sheridan, Greg, ‘Howard error on Timor attacked’, Australian, 18 September 2000 (Factiva version).

———, ‘The Burden is Here to Stay’, Australian, 17 September 1999, p. 15

Snow, Deborah, and Peter Cole-Adams, ‘Army Borrows Uncle Sam’s Flak Jackets’, Sydney Morning Herald, 24 September 1999, p. 1.

Solomon, Jay, ‘Habibie Offers East Timor Special Status’, Wall Street Journal Europe, 10 June 1998, p. 2 (Factiva version).

Sydney Morning Herald, ‘What force in East Timor’, 11 August 1999, p. 14.

Toohey, Brian, ‘PM’s Dilemma on Timor Peace Force’, Sun Herald (Sydney), 1 August 1999, p. 49.

Wilkinson, Marian, ‘Why we kept Timor secrets from the US’, Sydney Morning Herald, 13 August 1999, p. 1.

Wright, Tim and Daley, Paul, ‘PM sets up secret unit on Timor’, Age (Melbourne), 22 October 1999, pp. A1–2.

Web pages and documents

Annan, Kofi, Annual Report to the UN General Assembly, 20 September 1999, available at <http://www.un.org/News/ossg/sg/stories/statments_search_full.asp?statID=28>, accessed 5 October 2007.

———, ‘Secretary-General urges Indonesia to accept international help to restore order in East Timor at a moment of “great crisis”’, United Nations News, New York, 10 September 1999, available at <http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/Timor/News14.htm>, accessed 3 February 2006.

Brahney, Kathleen J, ‘East Timor: Interfet Mission Sparks Continued Debate’, United States Information Agency—Foreign Media Reaction, 15 October 1999, available at <http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/1999/10/wwwh9o15.htm>, accessed 2 January 2008.

Embassy of France in Australia, ‘The Noumea Accord’, no date, available at <http://www.ambafrance-au.org/article.php3?id_article=1058>, accessed 28 December 2006.

Haas, Richard, ‘Kosovo: U.S. Policy at Crossroads’, Brookings Institute, Washington DC, 10 December 1998, available at <http://www.brookings.edu/comm/transcripts/19981009.htm>, accessed 25 January 2006.

Hurford, Chris and Margareta Wahlstrom, OCHA and the East Timor Crisis, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, November 2001, available at <http://ochaonline.un.org/ToolsServices/EvaluationandStudies/ESSReports/tabid/1325/Default.aspx>, accessed 12 July 2007.

Inbaraj, Sonny, ‘East Timor: Disclosure on Troops Mocks Jakarta’s Credibility’, 3 November 1998, available at <http://www.etan.org/et/1998/november/l-7/03disclos.htm>, accessed 27 June 2009.

Marcus, Bruce, ‘There’s a leak in my firm’, The Marcus Letter, (no date), available at <http://www.marcusletter.com/leak.htm>, accessed 16 June 2009.

Murray, William, ‘The Situation in Indonesia and the IMF’, International Monetary Fund, 16 September 1999, available at <http://www.imf.org/external/np/vc/1999/091699.htm>, accessed 6 February 2006.

Newspoll, 12 September 1999, available at <http://www.newspoll.com.au/image _uploads/cgi-lib.25638.1.0902timor.pdf>, accessed 26 September 2006.

Philips, Lord N., The BSE Inquiry: The Report, 2000, Chapter 15, available at <http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/report/index.htm>, accessed 20 December 2006.

Roy Morgan Research, ‘Labor Stretches Two-Party Preferred Lead As Troops Go In To East Timor’, Finding No 3240, 12 October 1999, available at <http://www.roymorgan.com/news/polls/1999/3240/>, accessed 26 August 2006.

———, ‘L-NP And ALP Support Steady Despite Clashes Over East Timor Motives’, Finding No 3246, 26 October 1999, available at <http://www.roymorgan.com/ news/ polls/1999/3246/>, accessed 26 August 2006.

———, ‘L-NP Draws Closer On Primary Vote As ALP Support Eases’, Finding No 3228, 28 September 1999, available at <http://www.roymorgan.com/news/polls/1999/3228/>, accessed 26 August 2006.

———, ‘The Mood of the People & the Election—Listen Carefully’, Finding No 1001, 1 September 1998, available at <http://www.roymorgan.com/news/papers/1998/19981001/>, accessed 14 February 2006.

Tiffen, Rodney, ‘Why Political Plumbers Fail – Hypocrisy and Hyperbole in Leak Control’, 2005, available at <http://soc.kuleuven.be/io/ethics/paper/Paper%20WS2_pdf/Rodney%20Tiffen.pdf>, accessed 16 June 2009.

United Nations, Charter of the United Nations, New York, 1945, available at <http://www.un.org/aboutun/charter/>, accessed 2 February 2006.

———, ‘UNTAMET Fact Sheet’, August 1999, available at <http://www.un.org/peace/etimor99/Fact_frame.htm>, accessed 24 November 2007.

World Bank, ‘Trust Fund for East Timor’, no date, available at <http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/EASTASIAPACIFICEXT/TIMORLESTEEXTN/0,,contentMDK:20185391~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:294022,00.html>, accessed 12 July 2007.

Interviews

(This study relied upon the generosity and trust of a number of serving and former officials. A number of interviewees asked for their identities to be protected, while others were happy to be named in the reference list but not quoted in the body. All references to appointments relate to Australian Government positions, unless described otherwise. In general, appointments reflect only their contribution to the events or times covered in this study).

Ayling, Brigadier Steve (Director General INTERFET Branch, Department of Defence, in 1999)

Barratt, Paul (Secretary of the Department of Defence 1998–August 1999. He was an invited official at NSCC and a member of SCNS)

Barrie, Admiral Chris (Chief of the Defence Force 1998–2002. He was an invited official at NSCC and a member of SCNS).

Beazley, The Hon Kim, (Defence Minister from 1984–90, and Opposition Leader in 1999)

Behm, Allan (First Assistant Secretary (FAS) International Policy in 1998 and FAS Strategic Policy and Plans in 1999–2000)

Borgu, Aldo (adviser to Defence Minister John Moore in 1999)

Brabin-Smith, Richard (former Deputy Secretary Strategy and Intelligence in Defence)

Brady, Martin (Director, Defence Signals Directorate in 1999, acting Deputy Secretary Strategy in August–September 1999)

Briggs, Rear Admiral Peter (Head, Strategic Command Division in Defence from early 1997 to May 1999)

Calvert, Dr Ashton (Secretary of DFAT in 1999. He was an invited official at NSCC and a member of SCNS)

Carmody, Shane (former Deputy Secretary Strategy and Intelligence in Defence)

Castellaw, Lieutenant General John (Commander of III Marine Expeditionary Brigade in 1999 and deployed to East Timor)

Clarke, Air Vice-Marshal Kerry (Director General Operations in Strategic Command Division in Defence in 1998–99)

Darvill, Steve (involved in operational planning as part of AusAID’s Humanitarian Emergencies section in 1999)

Dahlstrom, Federal Agent Tim (a member of the ‘UN and Other Overseas Commitments Coordination’ team for AFP in 1999. As part of this team, he was responsible for the detailed planning of AFP’s involvement, especially contingent preparation, for UNAMET)

Dawson, Scott (Assistant Director General East Asia Branch in AusAID from June 1999, with responsibility for East Timor. In the post-ballot period, he headed the AusAID Task Force that dealt with the immediate emergency response and then worked on the longer-term program for East Timor)

Fischer, The Hon. Tim (Deputy Prime Minister and NSCC member March 1996–July 1999. He headed the Australian Parliamentary Delegation to East Timor in August 1999)

Hailston, Lieutenant General Earl (lead planner for USPACOM until 31 May 1999. He then moved to Command III Marine Expeditionary Force in June 1999, and was responsible for deploying III Marine Expeditionary Brigade to East Timor)

Hartley, Major General John (Land Commander Australia in 1999)

Hughes, Assistant Commissioner Andrew (Director International and Operations for the AFP in 1999)

Keating, Major General Michael (Head, Strategic Command Division in Defence from May 1999)

Lewincamp, Frank (Director of the Defence Intelligence Organisation from 1998–2005)

Moore, The Hon John (Defence Minister and a member of NSCC in 1999)

Nicholson, Air Vice-Marshal Peter (Head Strategic Policy and Plans mid-1998–June 1999, then Head C4ISREW Division)

Scrafton, Michael (Assistant Secretary Regional Engagement, Policy and Programs at the start of 1999. He became Acting Head International Policy in August 1999, and was appointed to head ETPU in September 1999. He was also Defence’s representative on the Taylor Committee)

Skoien, Matthew (Director Indonesia Section in International Policy Division from December 1998 to September 1999)

Taylor, Allan (Director General of the Australian Secret Intelligence Service and the ‘Taylor Committee’ in 1999)

Titheridge, Air Vice-Marshal Alan (former senior ADF officer)

Treloar, Air Vice-Marshal Bob (Commander Australian Theatre from May 1999)

Varghese, Peter (FAS International Division in DPM&C in 1999)

Whiddett, Commissioner Adrien (Assistant Commissioner responsible for Australian Federal Police Operations in 1999)

White, Hugh (advisor to Prime Minister Hawke and Defence Minister Kim Beazley from 1985–91, Deputy Secretary Strategy in Defence 1995–2000, and acting Secretary of the Defence Department in August–October 1999)

Williams, Colonel Mike (Chief of Staff for the second US contingent in East Timor, 2000)

Williams, The Hon. Daryl (Attorney General and a member for NSCC from 1996–2003)

Protected Identities

005-06 (a former senior ADF officer with knowledge of Strategic Command Division)

007-05 (former senior ADF officer who was closely involved with Defence planning for East Timor, including knowledge of liaison with the United Nations)

009-05 (ministerial adviser and senior Defence official)

010-05 (identity protected)

012-05 (official with direct knowledge of the East Timor ballot)

014-05 (former senior government official with knowledge of the Taylor Committee)

020-05 (former member of DPM&C with direct knowledge of the East Timor case)

021-05 (former senior Defence intelligence official)

024-05 (DFAT official with direct knowledge of the East Timor case)

026-05 (identity protected)

028-05 (DFAT official with direct knowledge of the East Timor case)

030-05 (identity protected)

032-05 (identity protected)

033-05 (identity protected)

035-05 (identity protected)

037-05 (identity protected)

038-05 (ADF officer with knowledge of Strategic Command Division)

046-06 (former senior ADF officer with direct knowledge of the East Timor case)

048-06 (identity protected)

051-06 (former ministerial adviser and senior government official with direct knowledge of the East Timor case)

052-06 (former senior government official with direct knowledge of the East Timor case)

062-07 (ADF officer with knowledge of the East Timor case)

064-07 (former ministerial adviser and government official)

066-07 (Defence official with knowledge of public affairs activities in 1999)