abangan

Nominal or less strict Muslims, usually in reference to Javanese Muslims

adat

customary or traditional law

aliran

a socio-cultural stream

AMS

Angkatan Muda Siliwangi (Siliwangi Young Generation, West Javanese ‘Youth’ Association)

APINDO

Asosiasi Pengusaha Indonesia (Indonesian Association of Businesspeople, employer association responsible for labour affairs)

asas tunggal

‘sole foundation’ doctrine whereby parties and other organisations were required to adopt Pancasila as their single ideology

bahaya ex-tapol

danger of ex-political prisoners

BAKIN

Badan Koordinasi Intelijen Negara (Indonesian Intelligence Agency)

Banser

NU militia organisation

Bappenas

Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (National Development Planning Body)

BIGS

Bandung Institute of Governance Studies

BMI

Banteng Muda Indonesia (Indonesia Young Bulls, PDI-P affiliated militia)

bupati

regent, district government head

CPM

Corps Polisi Militer (Military Police Corps)

cukong

Chinese entrepreneur

dakwah

Islamic religious outreach, proselytisation

Darul Islam

Abode of Islam

DDII

Dewan Dakwah Islamiyah Indonesia (The Indonesian Islamic Propagation Council)

DPR

Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (People’s Representative Council), Indonesia’s parliament

DPRD

Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (Regional People’s Representative Council), provincial and district parliament

dukun

traditional healer, shaman

FKPPI

Forum Komunikasi Putra-Putri Purnawirawan ABRI (Communications Forum for Sons and Daughters of Military Retirees)

FDI

Foreign Direct Investment

GAM

Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (Free Aceh Movement)

GDP

Gross Domestic Product

GPI

Gerakan Pemuda Indonesia (Indonesian Youth Movement)

GIBASS

Gabungan Inisiatif Barisan Anak Sunda Siliwangi (The Combined Initiative of the Ranks of the Siliwangi Sundanese Youth)

golongan karya

functional group

Golkar

Golongan Karya (state political party under the New Order, and one of the major post-New Order parties)

gotong-royong

mutual help

Guided Democracy

semi-authoritarian regime led by President Sukarno, 1959–66; the ideology of that period

haluan negara

national will

ICMI

Ikatan Cendekiawan Muslimin se-Indonesia (All-Indonesia Association of Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals)

IMF

International Monetary Fund

IFI

International Financial Organisation

IKABRA

Ikatan Anak Buah Madura (Association of the Madurese Community)

IKMI

Ikatan Keluarga Madura Indonesia (Indonesian Association of the Madurese Family)

jihad

holy war

Jemaah Islamiah

Islamic community; covert jihadist Islamic organisation

kabupaten

regency, district

kebatinan

mysticism

KADIN

Kamar Dagang dan Industri (Indonesia Chamber of Commerce and Industry)

kepala dinas

heads of government offices at provincial or district level

kiai

Islamic teachers

kiai khos

charismatic Islamic leaders

Kodam

Komando Daerah Militer (Regional Army Command)

Komar

Komunitas Marhaenisme (PDI-P Paramilitary Wing)

Koramil

Komando Rayon Militer (Subdistrict Military Command)

Korem

Komando Resort Militer (Resort Military Command)

KNPI

Komite Nasional Pemuda Indonesia (National Indonesian Youth Committee)

KPK

Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (Corruption Eradication Commission)

KPU

Komisi Pemilihan Umum (National Elections Commission)

KPUD

Komisi Pemilihan Umum Daerah (Local Electoral Commission)

KSPI

Konfederasi Serikat Buruh Indonesia (Confederation of the Indonesian Workers Union)

Masyumi

Majelis Syuro Muslimin Indonesia (Large Muslim party, banned by Sukarno in 1960)

MNEs

Multinational Enterprises

MPR

Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (People’s Consultative Assembly, Indonesia’s supreme decision-making body)

mufakat

consensus

Muhammadiyah

modernist Muslim organisation

Muspida

Musyawarah Pimpinan Daerah (Regional Leadership Assembly)

Muspida ++

Musyawarah Pimpinan Daerah (Regional Leadership Assembly, expanded version)

musyawarah

consultation

Nasakom

Nationalism, Religion and Communism

NU

Nahdlatul Ulama (traditionalist Islamic organisation, the largest Muslim organisation in Indonesia)

NIE

Newly Industrialising Economy

OPEC

Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries

ormas

societal organisations

P4

Pedoman Penghayatan dan Pengamalan Pancasila (Directive for the Realisation and Implementation of Pancasila)

Pancasila

The five guiding principles of the Indonesian state: belief in one supreme God; just and civilised humanity; national unity; democracy led by wisdom and prudence through consultation and representation; social justice

PAD

Pendapatan Alokasi Daerah (locally acquired revenue)

PAN

Partai Amanat Nasional (National Mandate Party)

Pangestu

Central Java-based spiritual association

pansus

special parliamentary committee

Parmusi

Partai Muslimin Indonesia (Party of Indonesian Muslims, the ‘successor’ party to Masyumi)

pasukan

corps

persatuan

unity

PBB

Partai Bulan Bintang (Crescent and Star Party, an Islamist party)

PD

Partai Demokrat (Democratic party)

PDI

Partai Demokrasi Indonesia (Indonesian Democratic Party)

PDI-P

Partai Demokrasi Indonesia—Perjuangan (Indonesia Democratic Party of Struggle, party led by Megawati Sukarnoputri)

PDS

Partai Damai Sejahtera (Party of Peace and Prosperity, a Christian Party)

PDU

Perserikatan Daulatul Ummah (Muslim Sovereignty Alliance)

pengajian

religious study sessions

PII

Pemuda Islam Indonesia (Indonesian Islamic Youth)

PK

Partai Keadilan (Justice Party, an Islamist party)

PKI

Partai Komunis Indonesia (Indonesian Communist Party)

pesantren

Islamic boarding school

PKB

Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (National Awakening Party)

PKS

Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (Prosperous and Justice Party, formerly PK)

PNI

Partai Nasional Indonesia (Indonesian National Party)

poros tengah

central axis

PP

Pemuda Pancasila (Pancasila Youth, a New Order youth organisation frequently involved in criminal activity)

PSII

Partai Serikat Islam Indonesia (United Islam Indonesia Party)

priyayi

Javanese traditional elite

PPP

Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (United Development Party, an Islamic party)

preman

local hoodlums, extortionists, gangsters

RVA

real value added

raja lokal

local king

Ramadan

the Muslim fasting month

reformasi

reform

reformasi total

total reform

samadi

meditation

SAKERNAS

Survei Tenaga Kerja Nasional (National Labour Force Survey)

sekretaris daerah

regional executive secretary

SMERU

Social Monitoring and Early Response Unit (Independent Institute for Research and Policy Studies)

syariah

Islamic law

SIUPP

Surat Izin Usaha Penerbitan Pers (press publication licence)

SPSI

Serikat Pekerja Seluruh Indonesia (government-backed workers’ union)

SOE

state-owned Enterprise

SBSI

Serikat Buruh Sejahtera Indonesia (the Indonesia Prosperity Labour Union)

TCF

textiles, clothing and footwear industries

TNI

Tentara Nasional Indonesia (the Indonesian Military)

ulama

Islamic scholar(s)

umroh

minor pilgrimage

usroh

Islamic cadre recruitment program