The PSWDI was created in 2004 with the aim of providing a ‘comprehensive framework…which guides all activities related to public sector workforce development’, with emphasis on workforce development rather than ‘traditional training’, local ownership, use of existing linkages and networks, and incentives to improved performance. It envisages two phases — 2005–2007 focusing on the public service, and 2008–2010 to include the wider public sector — each with a framework and annual implementation plans. The PSWDI is described as a ‘cross-agency partnership across the three tiers of government’. It is led by a ‘think tank’ comprising senior executives of key national institutions, chaired by the deputy secretary of the Department of Personnel Management (DPM). Initially it has identified eight ‘action areas’: engaging all stakeholders, strengthening lead institutions (listing DPM, CACC, DPLGA, PNG Institute of Public Administration (PNGIPA), and National Training Council (NTC)), executive development, providing the ‘new basics’, developing the ‘next generation’, aligning supply with demand, building and sharing knowledge, and coordination and management.^[11]