Conflict and Resource Development in the Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea
Table of Contents
Preliminary Pages
Abbreviations
Measurements
Contributors
Acknowledgements
Opening Remarks
1. Introduction: Roots of conflict in the Southern Highlands
The place of conflict in SHP
The changing nature of conflict in SHP
Roots of conflict in the Southern Highlands
Background
Inequitable access to services
Ethnic tensions and lack of effective administration and governance
Unrealistic expectations about resource development
Early predictions
HIV/AIDS
Conclusion
References
2. The National Government and the Southern Highlands since the 2002 General Elections
National government authority between the failed and supplementary elections
Developments following the supplementary elections
DPLGA from July 2003 to June 2004
Intervention in the Southern Highlands, February 2004
Other recent developments
References
3. The Setting: Land, economics and development in the Southern Highlands
Conclusion
References
4. The Southern Highlands: A hasty transition from unknown to riches and chaos
History and geography
Early leadership
Provincial and local level government reforms
The Court of Disputed Returns
The churches’ role in peace mediation
The future
References
5. Cosmology, Morality and Resource Development
Calls for a Hela province
Cosmology and the idea of a Hela province
The 2002-2003 elections
References
6. ‘Hoo-Ha in Huli’: Considerations on commotion and community in the Southern Highlands
Conflict — What problem? Whose problem?
Customary dispute mechanisms in Huli
Changing social conditions
The resource development cauldron
From whence will solutions emerge?
The top-down options
Barriers and bridges
References
7. Issues of Stability in the Southern Highlands Province
There was a time of order in the Southern Highlands
Guiding principles and procedures under the
kiap
system
Signs of the decline of the
kiap
system.
Kiaps
in resource industry community affairs organisations — some elements of adaptation
What are the key problems now facing resource developers in SHP?
How can the ‘
kiap
system’ address these problems?
A possible development program to meet the six key elements
References
8. The Future of Resource Development in the Southern Highlands
The need for contact and communication
Leadership qualities
Resources and the breakdown of law and order
The future of petroleum development in the Southern Highlands
9. Community-Based Development in Tari — Present and Prospects
The situation in Tari
Background
Community-based development
The Family Health and Rural Improvement Program
Results
Community-Based Health Care
CBHC/FHRIP partnership
Melanesian Farmer First Network
Program requirements
Conclusion
References
10. A Brief Overview of Government, Law and Order, and Social Matters in the Tari District
Key factors
What to do
Conclusion
11. Porgera Joint Venture’s Presence in the Southern Highlands Province
The PJV presence
Environmental impact
Community impact
What is required (from a resource developer’s viewpoint)
Conclusion
12. What if they don’t want your kind of development? Reflections on the Southern Highlands
First contacts on the road to independence
The new provincial administration: 1975-1984
Youth and their communities in the Southern Highlands
Youth projects in the Southern Highlands: Success or failure?
The Lake Kutubu Project: ‘What sort of development is this?’
Conclusion: Whose kind of development do they want?
References
13. Conflict Vulnerability Assessment of the Southern Highlands Province
Historical factors
Political/governance factors
Security sector factors
Social factors
Economic factors
Environment and natural resource factors
International factors
Conclusion
14. An Inside Post-mortem on the Southern Highlands: A perspective from Tari
Background
The way forward to recovery
Program one: Restoration of confidence in the SHP Government and its administration
Program two: Restoration of law and order
Status of the law-enforcing system
Program three: Restoration of education and health services
Program four: Restoration and upgrading of the existing infrastructure
Program five: Restoration of sustainable economic development programs
Conclusion
Index
List of Figures
1.1.
Resource development in PNG including Southern Highlands Province
1.2.
Southern Highlands agricultural systems and cultural groups
3.1.
Average population growth rates (% per year), 1966 to 2000: Southern Highlands compared with Papua New Guinea regions
3.2.
SHP Districts: Predicted population change 1980-2000 verses censused population in 2000
3.3.
Land quality
3.4.
Agricultural systems
3.5.
Estimated rural cash incomes 1996
3.6.
Access to service centres and markets
3.7.
Agricultural pressure and potential
3.8.
Literacy rates by district
3.9.
Disadvantaged areas
6.1.
National judicial system (Chalmers and Paliwala 1977:94)
9.1.
Distribution of FHRIP families 1995-2000
9.2.
CBHC structure
List of Tables
3.1.
Altitude ranges in SHP, by land area, population, and population density on land used for agriculture, 2000
3.2.
Landforms in SHP by land area, population, and population density on land used for agriculture, 2000
3.3.
Average population growth rates (% per year), 1966 to 2000: Southern Highlands compared with other Papua New Guinea regions
3.4.
Land quality by land area and populations
13.1.
Summary of conflict risk indicators for Southern Highlands Province